May 09, 2005
With the oil lamp flashing on GM's dashboard, TONY CHAPMAN offers some thought-starters on how to retool its marketing
General Motors' North American operations recorded an astonishing loss of US$1.3 billion dollars in the first quarter of 2005, the biggest decline in a decade. At the same time, its market share in North America fell to 25.2% from 28.3% in 2003. In fact, the only thing that's increased at GM of late is its advertising spend, which in 2004 was $2.8 billion, up 17.5% over the previous year.
There is no magic fix for what ails GM. I can only imagine the complexities of rebuilding the product mix, operations and union contracts that bury the company in extravagant health-care costs and unfunded pension liabilities. However I can't help but wonder if it's time to rebuild the GM marketing engine.
What made GM the business icon of the last century was the vision and leadership of Alfred Sloan. When Sloan took over as president in 1923, GM's share was 18% of the U.S. auto market while Ford was at 60%. He took Ford's efficiency model of mass-produced Model Ts and attacked it head on by introducing new models and colours that the car-buying public loved. In less than eight years GM passed Ford in market share and never looked back. Over the next two decades, Sloan continued to blaze a trail of innovation in how cars were created, marketed and sold. He created powerhouse brand platforms like Chevrolet, Buick, Pontiac, Oldsmobile and Cadillac that were unique and distinctive.
What has happened to GM in the last 30 years has been nothing short of a disaster. It failed to challenge Mercedes in the 1970s, and it let its muscle cars get pushed around. Today, the Germans own the ultra luxury and sports car segments. GM also gave away the entry level segment to the Asian manufacturers.
The answer to GM's marketing problems doesn't lie in buying share with rebates or with yet another winding-road car commercial or a thick, over-varnished brochure.
The answer lies with the automotive buyer. The right vehicle will seduce its consumers, make them fall in love, and shower it with their loyalty and word of mouth advertising. Just ask a Porsche 911 driver, or a Chrysler 300 C owner, or a Mini aficionado. GM's only hope is to shed the mentality of a market leader with a $2.8-billion marketing war chest, and get back to the challenger mentality that defined Sloan's legacy.
I brought together Capital C's Big Ideas Group to consider ways GM can do just that. Here is what we came up with:
Reignite the culture
We would take GM back to decentralized entrepreneurial divisions that live and breathe their brands. Each of these divisions-Pontiac, Chevrolet, Buick, Cadillac and the rest-would be accountable for creating a platform to support unique and distinct vehicles, targeting unique and distinct consumer segments.
High-octane fuel and a consistent creative promise
Each of these brand platforms would be anchored to a big idea-based on powerful consumer insights that, when properly packaged, is easy for car dealers and marketers to sell and easy for the consumer to buy.
Let's take Pontiac as a case study. We can make the assumption that Pontiac stands for performance and style, targeting a psychographic segment that values these attributes. The big idea would be to bring back "Pontiac builds excitement" and use this DNA to forge the brand to the consumer.
Weave the big idea into the product
We would encourage a major overhaul of the model lineup. If the vehicle didn't embody excitement it wouldn't be a Pontiac. We then go outside of Pontiac to define the next generation of models. The creative geniuses that are driving the cosmetic and fashion world would be invited to create bold new Pontiac colours, fabrics and lines. Why not invite Apple to redesign our dashboard and the toys that lie within? Better yet, let's mash the brands together and create the Pontiac iPod, a vehicle that combines boldness with subtle nuances to create underground buzz, unsolicited editorial coverage and raving fans.
As a boomer I would personally make a case for launching a retro Firebird. We would take a hard look at the "tuners" who invest $30,000 into their street cars, and let our target consumer pimp-up their Pontiac. No more "sports" or "luxury" package. We would offer them a creative toolbox that includes the best rims, undercarriage lighting, spoilers, performance upgrades, custom paint, and high-tech toys. We would then go on a world tour showcasing how car fanatics hijacked the Pontiac brand.
Seed the big idea
In today's cluttered marketplace, big brands shout to be heard with big jingles and launch campaigns. Smart brands first whisper their DNA to key influencers and then let underground media and the digital pipeline spread the word before amplifying it with mass media.
A great seeding example would be advergaming. Our target grew up with video gaming and competition; why not offer them the excitement of "Playing for a Pontiac." The consumer could download a model, paint and customize it, and then turbo charge it by unlocking fuel and upgrades hidden on the Pontiac site or in their ads. Better yet, we could hire Jason Avent, the genius behind Xbox's Project Gotham, to build the sickest, most exciting racing game ever, where Pontiac drivers take on the world.
Fish where the fish are
Automotive dealers are anything but exciting. Close your eyes and you can picture the giant glass windows, the "buy cheap" signs plastered on windshields and a cavernous showroom with little cubicles populating the perimeter.
Now open your eyes and picture pop-up Pontiac dealers that can drive up to where our target market lives, works and plays-an interactive theatre that takes over any landscape, and showcases great music, lighting, gaming and other stimulus to make the heart skip a beat.
The cornerstone would be a simulator where up to four consumers could slide into Pontiac cockpits, and have 90 seconds to design their car-looks, sound and performance. They would then race each other, with the winner walking away with a free upgrade for their tires or a new chrome finish for their tail pipes. Of course, our Pontiac Racing Team, beautiful people decked out in Pontiac street fashion, would challenge the best of the best.
Amplify and activate
Once our platform DNA was seeded and embraced by our target, we would amplify it and activate it at every touch point. Everything would have to be ramped up to scream excitement. Dealer brochures would come in the form of a neon green memory stick, grassroot and sponsorship dollars would only go to Pontiac-created events produced by talent as rich as Jerry Bruckheimer.
We would bring excitement to every media dollar. One-way communication would be abolished and we would cut through the clutter by letting consumers interact and play with our ads using a mouse, cell- phone or TV remote.
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GM has actually demonstrated in recent weeks that it is capable of being the challenger and reconnecting with the consumer. Its launch of the new Solstice model has been brilliant. The dramatic look of this car was created through an internal competition among designers, who traded bureaucracy and politics for passion and freedom. GM also broke every internal rule to dramatically compress the time it takes to go from sketches to production. Finally its use of Donald Trump's TV show The Apprentice as a launch showcase created immediate buzz.
Can GM's organization get back on the consumer-centric marketing track? It better. GM has to look to its past, and to the present with rule-breaking launches like that of the Solstice, to find motivation to reconnect with automotive buyers.
TONY CHAPMAN is CEO of Capital C in Toronto and a partner in P2P in Quebec.